Exchange bias is a phenomenon that occurs in magnetically coupled heterostructures, typically composed of a ferromagnetic material and an antiferromagnetic material. When these materials are brought into contact, the exchange interaction between their magnetic moments leads to a shift in the magnetic hysteresis loop of the ferromagnet. Here are the key points regarding exchange bias: 1. **Mechanism**: Exchange bias arises from the proximity of a ferromagnet to an antiferromagnet.
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A displacement of a ferromagnetic hysteresis loop's field centre caused by coupling to a prepared, sufficiently pinned magnetic environment, commonly an antiferromagnet. Field cooling through the ordering/blocking range can establish a unidirectional interfacial spin preference. With switching fields , the shift is , distinct from coercive half-width . Reversing the cooling field, testing a full major loop and comparing uncoupled/zero-field-cooled controls help identify genuine bias.