The Heine–Borel theorem is a fundamental result in real analysis and topology that characterizes compact subsets of Euclidean space. The theorem states that in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), a subset is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. To elaborate: 1. **Compact Set**: A set \( K \) is compact if every open cover of \( K \) has a finite subcover.
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A subset of a finite-dimensional real vector space is compact exactly when it is closed and bounded.