The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is a powerful and versatile mathematical technique used to solve nonlinear differential equations. Developed by Liao in the late 1990s, HAM is founded on the principles of homotopy from topology and provides a systematic approach to find approximate analytical solutions. ### Core Concepts of HAM: 1. **Homotopy**: In topology, homotopy refers to a continuous transformation of one function into another.
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