Io is one of the four largest moons of Jupiter, known as the Galilean moons, which were discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. It is the most volcanically active body in the solar system, with hundreds of active volcanoes and extensive lava flow fields. This intense geological activity is primarily due to tidal heating, caused by the gravitational interactions with Jupiter and the other Galilean moons—Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—which create significant internal friction and heat within Io.
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