John Backus was an American computer scientist best known for his work in the development of programming languages and the creation of the FORTRAN programming language. Born on December 3, 1924, he made significant contributions to computer science, particularly in the areas of formal language theory and programming language design. FORTRAN, which stands for "Formula Translation," was one of the first widely used high-level programming languages and played a crucial role in making programming more accessible to scientists and engineers.

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