Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900) was a French mathematician known for his contributions to several areas of mathematics, particularly probability theory and mathematical analysis. He is perhaps best known for Bertrand's Paradox, which addresses a problem in geometric probability and illustrates the ambiguities that can arise in probability theory. In addition to his work in probability, Bertrand made contributions to number theory and is known for the Bertrand's Postulate (now proven and known as the Bertrand–Chebyshev theorem).
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