A Kolmogorov space, also known as a \( T_0 \) space, is a type of topological space that satisfies a specific separation axiom. In a Kolmogorov space, for any two distinct points \( x \) and \( y \), there exists an open set containing one of the points but not the other. This means that for any two points in the space, it is possible to find an open set that "separates" them.
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A topological space is when every pair of distinct points is distinguished by an open set containing exactly one of them.