The Landé g-factor, often denoted as \( g_L \), is a dimensionless quantity that arises in the field of quantum mechanics and is used to describe the magnetic properties of atomic and subatomic particles, particularly in the context of their interaction with an external magnetic field. It provides a measure of the magnetic moment of a particle in terms of its angular momentum.
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The Landé g-factor is the dimensionless electronic magnetic splitting factor relating a level's magnetic dipole moment to its total angular momentum. In the approximation where total orbital angular momentum and total spin couple to , take the orbital factor as one and the electron spin factor as . For ,This follows by projecting onto and using . At , it gives ; at and , it gives . A level instead has zero first-order electronic shift; the formula's zero denominator must not be used. This is distinct from the statistical weight of an atomic level , sometimes also written .