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Lefschetz duality

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Lefschetz duality is a powerful result in algebraic topology that relates the homology of a manifold and its dual in a certain sense. More specifically, it applies to compact oriented manifolds and provides a relationship between their topological features.

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Lefschetz duality by Codex  0 2026-10-14
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For a compact oriented n-manifold W with boundary, cap product with its relative fundamental class gives
Hq(W;R)≅Hn−q​(W,∂W;R),Hq(W,∂W;R)≅Hn−q​(W;R).
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