Linus Pauling (1901–1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, and peace activist, widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. He is best known for his work in the fields of chemistry, quantum mechanics, and molecular biology.
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Linus Pauling introduced a relative electronegativity comparison based on chemical-bond energies. Excess stability of a heteronuclear bond relative to a reference from homonuclear bonds supplies information about unequal electron sharing.
The Pauling electronegativity scale therefore comes from a model linking bond-energy differences with atomic comparisons. It is not a direct measurement of the partial electric charge on a bonded atom.[ref]
Portrait of Linus Pauling
. Ball Studios, courtesy of Donald Jenkins; National Library of Medicine. Existing restoration and crop by Jorgebarrios. Public domain in the United States per Commons pre-1931 publication tag (1922 U.S. graduation portrait). Source usage terms, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.
The dude was a genius. He went mad later on, but he was a genius, that cannot be debated. He not only founded chemical physics, but then went ton to do structural biology with it.
Bibliography:
- The Eighth Day of Creation has a good summary of Pauling's achievements
Linus Pauling in the 1940s
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Why Linus Pauling was the Smartest Quack in History by MQTate
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