The Lorentz oscillator model is a classical model used to describe the oscillation of charged particles (specifically, electrons) bound to an atomic nucleus. It is particularly useful in the field of solid-state physics and optics for explaining phenomena such as the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, particularly in the context of the dielectric response of materials.
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A bound charge obeying gives a resonant electric susceptibility. For carrier density and the convention,Positive damping gives for , expressing passive absorption. Independent resonances add to the electric susceptibility. Setting gives the Drude frequency response.