Microbial DNA barcoding is a technique used to identify and classify microorganisms based on short, standardized DNA sequences. This method employs specific regions of the genome, often referred to as "barcodes," that can be used to differentiate between species or strains of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and other microbes. The concept of DNA barcoding, originally popularized in the identification of higher organisms (such as plants and animals), has been adapted to address the complex diversity and ecological roles of microbial communities.
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