The Nielsen-Olesen vortex is a theoretical construct in the field of quantum field theory, specifically in the context of gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking. It describes a type of topological defect known as a "vortex" in a system that exhibits superconductivity or superfluidity, modeled with gauge fields and scalar fields.
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An Abelian Higgs vortex has quantized magnetic flux and a Higgs field whose phase winds at spatial infinity. Its vortex number is under the convention .