The Nyquist frequency is a critical concept in the field of signal processing and is defined as half of the sampling rate of a discrete signal. It represents the highest frequency that can be accurately represented when a continuous signal is sampled at a given rate. According to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, in order to accurately reconstruct a continuous signal from its samples, the sampling frequency must be at least twice the highest frequency present in the signal.
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For uniform samples at rate , the frequency is the Nyquist frequency. A real baseband signal confined below this boundary can avoid spectral overlap when an appropriate anti-aliasing filter is used.