The Penrose process is a theoretical mechanism in general relativity that describes how energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole. Named after the physicist Roger Penrose, who proposed it in 1969, the process exploits the unique features of a rotating black hole, specifically the phenomenon associated with its event horizon and ergosphere. Here's a simplified explanation of how it works: 1. **Rotating Black Hole**: A black hole that rotates is described by the Kerr solution to Einstein's equations.
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The Penrose process extracts rotational energy by allowing a fragment with negative stationary Killing energy to enter the black hole while another fragment escapes with more energy than the original body carried.