Planetary migration refers to the process by which planets change their orbits over time, moving closer to or further away from their parent star. This phenomenon is a key concept in the field of astrophysics and planetary science, particularly in the study of the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
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Planetary migration changes a planet's orbital semimajor axis through torques from a disc or exchanges of energy and angular momentum with other bodies, often followed by tidal dissipation. Short-period giant planets, eccentric progenitors, resonant architectures, and stellar obliquity provide complementary constraints rather than one unique migration diagnostic.