Rate of heat flow

The rate of heat flow, often referred to as heat transfer rate, is a measure of the amount of thermal energy being transferred from one system or body to another over a specific period of time. It is typically expressed in units such as watts (W), where one watt is equivalent to one joule per second (J/s). Heat flow occurs through three primary mechanisms: 1. **Conduction**: The transfer of heat through a material without the movement of the material itself.