Sheet resistance is a measure of the resistance of a thin sheet of material, typically used to characterize thin films, conductive coatings, or semiconductor materials. It is an important parameter in fields such as electronics, materials science, and photovoltaics. Sheet resistance is denoted by the symbol \( R_s \) and is expressed in ohms per square (Ω/□).
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The resistance per square of a uniform thin conducting sheet. For bulk resistivity and film thickness , and a rectangular stripe has . The number of squares is dimensionless and independent of an overall change of lateral scale. Networks and grids use an effective sheet resistance that may depend on finite-size connectivity and contacts.