The Stochastic Block Model (SBM) is a generative model used in network science to represent and analyze the structure of networks or graphs, particularly in relation to community detection and clustering. It is a way to simulate the interactions within a network based on the assumption that nodes belong to communities or blocks, which influence how they are connected.
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A stochastic block model assigns each vertex of a graph to a class and, conditional on those classes, makes distinct edges independent random variables whose probabilities depend only on the classes of their endpoints.