The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is a unique experimental facility located nearly two kilometers underground in the Creighton mine near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. It was designed to detect and study neutrinos, which are subatomic particles that are notoriously difficult to detect due to their weak interaction with matter. SNO was primarily focused on studying neutrinos produced by nuclear reactions occurring in the core of the Sun.
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The SNO Collaboration used tonnes of heavy water in a acrylic sphere, surrounded by ordinary water shielding and photomultipliers. Weak charged current (CC) breakup of a deuteron selects electron neutrinos; weak neutral current (NC) breakup measures all active neutrino flavors; electron elastic scattering (ES) has reduced non-electron sensitivity.[ref]