The Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis of random phenomena and the principles of decision-making under uncertainty. It comprises two interrelated areas: ### 1. **Probability Theory:** Probability theory provides a mathematical framework for quantifying uncertainty. It involves the study of random variables, events, and the likelihood of occurrences of different outcomes. Key concepts in probability theory include: - **Random Variables:** Functions that assign numerical values to the outcomes of a random process.
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