Theory of solar cells

The theory of solar cells encompasses the principles of how solar cells convert sunlight into electricity. Solar cells are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. Here’s an overview of the underlying concepts: ### 1. **Photovoltaic Effect** The photovoltaic effect is the fundamental principle behind solar cells. When light photons hit a material (typically a semiconductor), they can transfer their energy to electrons in that material.