Affine maps can collapse lines
ID: affine-maps-can-collapse-lines
An affine map need not be injective. For , the direction belongs to the kernel of its linear part of an affine map. Consequently the whole line maps to , and every parallel line maps to . These are collapsed lines, not images with a surviving direction. Assertions that an affine map preserves distinct parallel lines require the appropriate noncollapse or injectivity hypothesis.
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