Ambiguity of harmonic wedge-pairing representatives

ID: ambiguity-of-harmonic-wedge-pairing-representatives

On a compact oriented Riemannian manifold without boundary, a smooth -form annihilates all harmonic -forms under wedge integration exactly when its harmonic projection vanishes. Indeed , and the Hodge star maps isomorphically onto . By the Hodge decomposition theorem, this annihilator is
Thus both exact and coexact additions are allowed; a harmonic representative is unique. The potentials of these additions need not be unique, and out-of-range degree spaces are zero. For a concrete coexact ambiguity, take the torus with metric . The form annihilates every harmonic one-form by orthogonality, yet is nonzero. Thus an annihilating representative need not even be closed, let alone exact.

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