Bilinear shift averaging for a logarithmic phase
ID: bilinear-shift-averaging-for-a-logarithmic-phase
Translating an integer interval by changes a sum of unit-modulus terms by at most . Averaging gives the displayed formula. For , , expand to degree . Its remainder is at most . This reduces the logarithmic exponential sum to bilinear polynomial sums while keeping explicit boundary and approximation errors.
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