Boundary case of Hensel's lemma with a small quadratic coefficient

ID: boundary-case-of-hensel-s-lemma-with-a-small-quadratic-coefficient

Let be a complete discrete valuation ring, , and satisfy and . Suppose the second Taylor coefficient of at every point of has norm below one. One Newton iteration over a valued field step has correction of norm . Its residual has quadratic term of norm strictly below , and all higher terms have norm at most . The derivative changes by a term of norm below , so its norm remains . The strong form of Hensel lemma therefore applies from the new point, producing a root within distance of the original point. The second Taylor coefficient is when that quotient is meaningful, or the division-free binomial-coefficient Taylor expression in arbitrary characteristic. A Newton sequence that reaches a root is thereafter constant; residuals decrease strictly only before that event.

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