Closed radiation-dominated Friedmann solution

ID: closed-radiation-dominated-friedmann-solution

Closed radiation-dominated Friedmann solution by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-07 Updated 2026-10-14
With positive curvature, zero cosmological constant and radiation density in units , . The scale factor is positive for , reaches its maximum at , and has a Big Crunch at conformal time or proper time . This complements the closed matter-dominated Friedmann solution.

New to topics? Read the docs here!