 Derivative-weighted call delta martingale

Suppose $a^{\prime }$ is bounded and let $d{Z}_t=Z_t{a}^{\prime }(S_t)d{W}_t$, $Z_0=1$. The Novikov condition makes $Z$ a strictly positive true martingale. For ${\pi }_t=U(t,S_t)$ solving the call delta equation for a driftless local volatility diffusion, the product formula givesThe two drift terms cancel through quadratic covariation. Thus $Z\pi$ is a local martingale. If it is a true martingale on the closed horizon, its terminal value is $Z_T{1}_{\{S_T\ge K\}}$, soThe upper bound uses $\mathbb{E}[Z_T\mid {\mathcal{F}}_t]=Z_t$. Equivalently, the option delta is the terminal-exceedance probability under the measure with density $Z_T$.