Flux through a spherical quadrant by planar caps
ID: flux-through-a-spherical-quadrant-by-planar-caps
For the outward spherical patch , , , and the polynomial vector field , close the quarter-ball with its two planar half-discs. The divergence is , whose volume integral vanishes by symmetry in . The caps have fluxes and , obtained from half-disc fourth and second moments. The divergence theorem gives the displayed spherical flux. All pieces use normals pointing out of the same closed volume; the caps are auxiliary and must be subtracted.
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