 Helfrich energy

ID: helfrich-energy

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-11-05

The Helfrich energy of a fluid membrane combines surface tension with curvature elasticity. Without spontaneous curvature or a topological term,

E = \int d S [σ + \frac{k _{c}}{2} (2 H)^{2}] .

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