Landau diamagnetism is the orbital response of mobile electrons to an applied magnetic field, arising from quantization of their transverse motion. For a noninteracting three-dimensional isotropic electron gas with quadratic dispersion, electron spin with and magnetic fields weak enough for the smooth-response limit, its susceptibility is , where is the Pauli paramagnetism susceptibility. Band effective masses, interactions, dimensionality and resolved magnetic quantum oscillations can change this simple relation.
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