 LLS - Measuring the Light Signal from a Diode, University of California, Berkeley

Institutional laboratory guide issued by the Physics Advanced Lab of the University of California Berkeley, which hosts the webpage. No individual author or publication or revision date is established; the dynamic website copyright footer is separate.

Official laboratory guide: experimentationlab.berkeley.edu/LightSignal

Cited passages: Experimental Setup, LED, background and chopping geometry; Block Diagram I, chopper reference, photodiode, preamplifier, spectrum analyzer and lock-in amplifier; Experiment X, steps 2 and 9–13, reference search, LED-off comparison, frequency scan and external reference; Experiment XI, steps 1–8, alignment, overload, filtering and repeated readings; Interpreting the Data, points 1–3 and collection geometry. The source specifies apparatus and observations to make, without supplying measured numerical results.