Adverse change attributable to a negative treatment context or expectation. It can involve genuine discomfort and physiological modulation as well as reporting and attribution. Its presence does not exclude concurrent disease or a direct adverse drug reaction.[ref]
The effect of treatment expectation on drug efficacy by Ulrike Bingel and others. Science Translational Medicine 3, 70ra14; fixed remifentanil concentration, heat pain and expectation manipulation
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