Odd radial perturbations preserve timelike-geodesic periods

ID: odd-radial-perturbations-preserve-timelike-geodesic-periods

For , with smooth odd and , the conserved energy gives and . Both half-cycle integrals over contain an even weight times . The odd contribution vanishes, leaving the unperturbed half-period in each clock. The waveforms need not be sinusoidal, but both periods are unchanged for .

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