One-sided bounded harmonic functions on the punctured plane are constant

ID: one-sided-bounded-harmonic-functions-on-the-punctured-plane-are-constant

A harmonic function on bounded on one side is constant. Shift and change sign to make it nonnegative. Its circular mean has the form ; positivity for every forces . For , the mean value property for harmonic functions bounds its value by the mean integral over , giving at most . A removable singularity for a bounded harmonic function fills the origin, and the harmonic Liouville theorem finishes the proof. The dimensional distinction matters: is a positive nonconstant harmonic function on punctured for .

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