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One-sided bounded harmonic functions on the punctured plane are constant

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Mathematics Area of mathematics Analysis Partial differential equation Harmonic function Harmonic Liouville theorem
Created 2026-10-05 Updated 2026-10-06  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
A harmonic function on R2∖{0} bounded on one side is constant. Shift and change sign to make it nonnegative. Its circular mean has the form alogr+b; positivity for every r>0 forces a=0. For ∣x∣=r, the mean value property for harmonic functions bounds its value by the mean integral over r/2<∣z∣<3r/2, giving at most 8b. A removable singularity for a bounded harmonic function fills the origin, and the harmonic Liouville theorem finishes the proof. The dimensional distinction matters: ∣x∣2−n is a positive nonconstant harmonic function on punctured Rn for n≥3.

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