 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-algebra-analysis-and-differential-equations-1-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2010/5/ii/b/solution

Along the circle,

z = z_{0} + r e^{i t}

and

d z = i r e^{i t} d t

. Expanding the nonholomorphic integrand gives

∣ z ∣^{2} = ∣ z_{0} ∣^{2} + r^{2} + r \overline{z}_{0} e^{i t} + r z_{0} e^{- i t} .

i r e^{i t}

, all nonconstant integer-frequency exponentials have zero integral over

[0, 2 π]

. The remaining constant term is

i r^{2} z_{0}

. Therefore

\int_{γ} ∣ z ∣^{2} d z = 2 πi r^{2} z_{0} .

This direct parametrization avoids applying a holomorphic-antiderivative argument to

∣ z ∣^{2}

, which is not holomorphic.

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