Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-biological-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2019/2/c/i/solution

Add an unavailable nonconducting inactivated state to the two-state gating scheme, for example
The probabilities obey
Depolarization increases activation, initially raising ; subsequent transfer to reduces current while voltage is held constant. Slow recovery at the depolarized voltage permits most channels to become unavailable. Repolarization promotes recovery and deactivation. More closed states and closed-state inactivation may be needed for quantitative data, but this minimal extension already explains the rise followed by decay that fixed-rate gating cannot produce from a closed population.

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