Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-chemistry-course-of-the-year-4-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/paper-2/section-g/31/d/iii/solution

At , attractive contact energies are weak compared with thermal fluctuations, so expanded coil-like conformations are favoured and the end-to-end distribution broadens towards larger distances. Strong short-range repulsion still limits overlap over an effective, temperature-dependent diameter. The soft Lennard-Jones model is therefore not exactly identical to a temperature-independent hard-sphere chain, even when attraction is relatively unimportant.
A sufficiently stiff spring keeps the chain contour length near in all three comparisons. If temperature instead becomes comparable with , increased bond stretching introduces an additional size change and the intended fixed-bond coil comparison breaks down. Every equilibrated trace should fluctuate around a stationary distribution; an expanding running mean caused by incomplete relaxation is not evidence for an equilibrium high-temperature state.

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