Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2019/quantum-information/1/d/i/solution

Choose and its orthogonal companion . Since , either branch of RandomFlip returns the same pure state. Alice therefore obtains label 0 with certainty, and
The alternative choice also works: its sign change under is only a global phase. The useful property is being a Pauli eigenstate of the Pauli X gate.

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