Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-graph-theory-and-probabilistic-combinatorics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2007/b/8/c/solution

The union area is a bounded measurable function of the centres, with . Fix all centres except one, and let be the union of the fixed disks. Replacing the remaining disk changes the area to . The second term always lies in , so the area changes by at most , not merely by the weaker bound .
Thus has coordinate differences at most one for the independent centres. The preceding martingale bound gives
One may take , independently of all centre distributions. Boundedness of the area ensures the conditional expectations exist even when the centre locations have no finite moments.

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