Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-laser-science-and-quantum-information-processing-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2019/4/d/ii/solution

Daisy's random choice of X or Z agrees with Alice's independent random basis with probability . Agreement gives the correct label with certainty and disagreement gives it with probability . Hence
the same result as a fixed Z measurement. Randomizing her basis does not supply the missing information about Alice's choice. These are the probabilities for the two specified strategies, rather than an assertion that they are optimal among all possible quantum measurements.

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