Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-logic-and-set-theory-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2009/b/5/ii/solution

For an infinite cardinal , multiplication by a nonzero countable cardinal does not change it. Since ,
There is also an immediate lower bound from ; the standard product identity supplies the matching upper bound. The discreteness of the second coordinate does not create a new cardinal beyond the continuum.

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