 Solution

The $q$-power Frobenius isogeny sends affine coordinates to $(x^q,y^q)$, has degree $q$, and fixes exactly the points defined over ${\mathbb{F}}_q$, including the origin. ConsequentlyThe degree is $q$ because the $q$-power Frobenius on a smooth curve has function-field inseparable degree $q$. By the permitted separability of $1-\varphi$, this separable isogeny has exactly $\mathrm{deg}(1-\varphi )$ geometric kernel points; there is no inseparable multiplicity to remove. Part(i) therefore givesThis relates the elliptic-curve point count over a finite field to the integer trace, rather than treating the point count as an independently assumed definition of the trace.