A separable isogeny is an isogeny whose induced extension of function fields is separable. Its degree equals the number of geometric points in its kernel.
A nonzero isogeny of elliptic curves is separable exactly when its pullback of an invariant differential on an elliptic curve is nonzero. For a map of smooth curves in characteristic , a zero differential means the function-field extension has a nontrivial inseparable part. The criterion turns sums of elliptic endomorphisms into computations of their tangent scalars.
Vélu's formulas construct the quotient of a Weierstrass elliptic curve by a specified finite subgroup and give rational functions for the resulting separable isogeny.
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