Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2001/iii/paper-70/1/a/solution

Write the reduced Planck mass as , and use natural units. Near the flat maximum, the quartic hilltop inflation trajectory has and . The slow-roll approximation gives and . Therefore the number of e-folds is
The lower field value dominates this integral. Thus
This is far below for the assumed small symmetry-breaking scale. Strict slow roll actually fails before the minimum: at . The last approach to the minimum is not described by slow roll. Using that earlier upper limit changes the dominant fifty-e-fold estimate by an order-one number of e-folds, not its leading scale dependence. No extrapolation of slow roll all the way to the minimum is needed.

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