Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2002/iii/paper-8/5/solution

For , write for the coordinates other than , and set
By Tonelli theorem, . The key estimate is the functional Loomis-Whitney inequality:
Here is a proof in every dimension. In dimension two, the left-hand side separates into a product of two one-dimensional integrals, so Tonelli theorem gives equality. For , first integrate . Apply Hölder's inequality with factors to , which may depend on , and leave the factor outside that integral. Write
Each depends on the coordinates other than . With , the full integral is at most
Put . A second application of Hölder's inequality, with exponents and , bounds this expression by
By induction in dimension , . Since , substitution proves the claimed functional inequality. Nonnegative integrands justify all integrations; truncation gives the extended-valued version if necessary.
The pointwise hypotheses imply , so
Apply the proved functional inequality and take the power to obtain
For the useful case all the right-hand norms are finite. If one of them is zero, its line integral vanishes for almost every transverse coordinate and forces almost everywhere; there is no division by that factor. In dimension one the corresponding direct assertion is .

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