Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2003/iii/paper-57/2/b/solution

Let be the Killing form. A real semisimple Lie algebra has nondegenerate , and its invariance gives . Translating defines a bi-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric on the Lie group.
For left-invariant vector fields, all derivatives of their pairwise inner products vanish. The Koszul formula reduces to
Nondegeneracy gives . With , the Jacobi identity now gives
Taking the trace of yields the Ricci tensor
Thus the Killing-form Einstein metric makes the group an Einstein manifold, allowing an indefinite metric. Its scalar curvature in this convention is .
For a connected compact semisimple Lie group, is negative definite: the adjoint operators are skew-adjoint for an invariant positive inner product, so for . The conventional positive Riemannian metric is instead . Its Ricci tensor is , and its sectional curvature is
It can vanish on commuting two-planes; positivity is not automatic in every direction. With the literal negative metric , the corresponding sectional-curvature signs are reversed.
For a noncompact real semisimple group, a Cartan decomposition has negative on and positive on . The Killing metric is indefinite and cannot be made positive by an overall sign. Its Einstein constant remains for , but that does not assert a uniform sign for sectional curvature of all nondegenerate planes. For connected semisimple groups, negative-definite characterizes the compact case. Disconnected groups require a separate condition on the number of components before compactness follows.

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