Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2007/iii/paper-33/1/b/solution

The martingale convergence theorem in the form needed here states that a nonnegative supermartingale with uniformly bounded expectations converges almost surely to a finite integrable limit. Here for all , so it applies to . The ordinary Fatou lemma gives
For fixed , apply the Conditional Fatou lemma to the nonnegative variables , . The martingale property makes each equal to , hence
The inequality is simultaneous for all after removing a countable union of null sets. Equality of expectations in the limit has not been assumed; it can fail for a measure with a singular component.

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