Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/iii/paper-51/1/b/solution

When , the first two qubits after the Boolean quantum oracle are . The Hadamard gate obeys for . Applying the Walsh-Hadamard transform therefore gives
Consequently the quantum measurement in the computational basis has the deterministic outcomes
These four distinct answers identify the four promised Boolean quantum oracles with one query and certainty. The constant term does not affect the measurement in quantum mechanics, because a global phase does not change its probabilities.

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